| Population Deflation: Spain Joins Germany with Negative Net Birth Rate; Italy on Threshold; Who's to Blame? Posted: 06 Dec 2015 11:27 PM PST On the demographic front things are not looking so good for the eurozone. With declining birth rates and the aging of the population, Mario Draghi will struggle to produce inflation in a population deflationary environment. Spanish Birthrate PlummetsPlease consider Spain Dying as its Birthrate Plummets. Spain's population will fall by more than five million over the next 50 years, according to a forecast that raises the prospect of even more "ghost villages" around the country.
In the first six months of this year, Spain recorded 225,924 deaths and 206,656 births, the national statistics institute reported. The country has not seen deaths exceed births consistently since the civil war, from 1936 to 1939, and before that the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic. Time for Spain to Address its Plummeting birth rate?The English version El Pais asks Is it time for Spain to address its plummeting birth rate? Figures from the National Statistics Institute (INS) show there was a peak in 1944, with 23 births per 1,000 inhabitants. But that number bottomed out in 1998 when only nine births per 1,000 were reported.
"We have seen an incredible decline in the birth rate, which has been cut by half since 1975, and this trend is here to stay," says Andrés, of the University of Palencia.
But for Julio Vinuesa, a demographer at Madrid's Autónoma University, the study doesn't provide any new information, but simply reiterates the fact that there has been "a drop" in Spanish birth rates.
"We are witnessing a rapid decline in births and it seems that nobody cares. In the short term it is a relief because it means less spending for families and for the state, and nobody is complaining because no one stops to think about the future consequences," he says.
British economist Paul Wallace, author of Agequake, which investigates the causes and effects of population aging, has argued that the major investment for any society must be in its own replacement. In this case, Spain has failed.
For the past 10 years, Vinuesa has been pushing for "policies to encourage fertility." But no one has listened to him.
Meanwhile, the plunge continues. Death of Spain's InteriorIn almost half of Spanish provinces, a third of inhabitants are aged 65 or over. Quite literally, it's a case of Spain's Dying Interior. A new map is emerging of Spain's interior, where a huge swathe of the country is slowly dying as a result of aging populations and migration to the cities. In 22 provinces, a third of inhabitants are already aged 65 or over, while the national average is 16.7 percent. When in 2005 demographer Francisco Zamora was asked to calculate how best the country could retain its population structure in 2050, the only answer he could come up with was for women to have 7.5 children each.
A decade later, he says, "there is nothing to be done other than selective immigration." But Spain has already witnessed rapid immigration – around 6.5 million people have come into the country over the last 20 years – while the birth rate continues to fall, from 1.4 children per woman in 2008 to 1.27 in 2013.
Demographers say the majority of people who work in the countryside live in towns rather than rural communities. The villages will increasingly be a place to visit at the weekend, and will slowly die out as their populations age. German Population ShrinksReuters reports German birth rate grows, but population shrinks. Germany's birth rate rose last year to its highest level in 12 years, helped by years of economic growth and government support, but not enough to offset the death rate, and its overall population continued to decline.
Births rose by 4.8 percent in 2014 and climbed above the 700,000-threshold for the first time since 2004 to 714,966, the statistics office said.
The declining number of Germans is partly being offset by rising immigration. Some 8.6 percent of its population of 81.8 million are foreigners.
Also, Germany has taken in 40 percent of the refugees arriving in the European Union this year. On Wednesday, the government raised its forecast for an influx of 800,000 people this year fleeing war and poverty in the Middle East, Asia and Africa.
Steady economic growth since 2010 and generous pro-family policies by successive governments in recent years have helped lift the birth rate, the statistics office in Wiesbaden said. Still, "we've got a lot of hard work ahead of us," said Family Minister Manuela Schwesig.
The number of births is likely to start falling again, because economic upheaval cut the birth rate in the former East Germany after unification in 1990, officials said.
"There was a steep fall-off in births after 1990 and that means there are now fewer women in the main child-bearing ages," said Olga Poetzsch, a government statistician.
The number of births plunged from 906,000 in 1990 to 830,000 a year later and tumbled further to 765,000 by 1995, she said. It reached 663,000 in 2011.
Germany's birth rate peaked in 1964 at 1.4 million, Poetzsch said. Deaths have exceed births [since] 1972, by a total of about 5 million fewer births than deaths. Germany Demographic Profile The above from Germany Demographics Profile 2014Italy on Threshold of Population DeflationThe Guardian reports Italy is a 'dying country' says minister as birth rate plummets. February 12, 2015
Fewer babies were born in Italy in 2014 than in any other year since the modern Italian state was formed in 1861, new data show, highlighting the demographic challenge faced by the country's chronically sluggish economy.
National statistics office ISTAT said on Thursday the number of live births last year was 509,000, or 5,000 fewer than in 2013, rounding off half a century of decline.
The number of babies born to both natives and foreigners living in Italy dropped as immigration, which used to support the overall birth rate, tumbled to its lowest level for five years.
The mortality rate also declined last year, stretching life expectancy for Italian men to 80.2 years, and to 84.9 years for women.
"We are very close to the threshold of non-renewal where the people dying are not replaced by new-borns. That means we are a dying country," Health Minister Beatrice Lorenzin said.
The government of Prime Minister Matteo Renzi is scrambling to give the economy a boost by reforming the sclerotic labour market and persuading the country's youth not to migrate and work abroad.
The demographic picture varies wildly between Italy's regions, with the autonomous northern area of Trentino-Alto Adige enjoying a total fertility rate of 1.65, higher than euro zone peer Germany.
But the population is shrinking in most of the poorer south, where per-capita gross domestic product is about half that in the centre and north. France Net Positive Birth Rate In France the birth rate is 12.49/1,000 population whereas the death rate is 9.06/1000 population and immigration is 1.09/1,000 population as per. The above from France Demographics Profile 2014Explaining Birthrate DemographicsThe largest eurozone country (Germany) and the fourth-largest (Spain) are in population deflation while the third-largest is on the cusp. Economists are screaming for politicians to "do something". It would help if they figured out the cause first. But that's not the way of either economists or politicians. The problems are obvious but economists have not figured it out. Forget the studies, here are some key factors: - Youth unemployment
- Pension promises that cannot and will not be met
- Work rules
- Changing attitudes
- Central bank actions
1. Youth Unemployment The above from Eurostat Statistics - Youth Unemployment How the hell are you going to get married, buy a house, and start a family when youth unemployment is at record highs above 40% in several countries? 2. Pension PromisesThe system is designed to fail. The youth are supposed to pay for the pensions of the retirees. How is that supposed to work when the youth have no work? Most millennials understand the pension and healthcare obligations they fund for their elders will not be there for them or their kids.
3. Work rulesOrder workers and pensioners do not want to change the rules making it easier to fire workers or reduce pensions. If someone cannot be fired, they will not be hired in the first place. 4. Changing attitudesWithout a doubt kids are putting of marriage and family formation longer and longer, even in countries like Germany where jobs are relatively plentiful. Why? Various reasons include: the need to take care of their elders prevents or discourages new household formation, the nannycrat society where the state takes more and more of ones wages, real wages are in decline, and home prices are not affordable. 5. Central banks actionsIn the foolish attempt of central banks to beat deflation, asset prices (especially the price of homes), have risen well beyond the affordability range of millennials. In short, attempts by central bankers to force inflation in a technological and demographically deflationary world is highly counterproductive. Synopsis Kids intuitively understand various public pension and social security systems are on their last legs. If the system will not protect them, if will not protect their kids either. Many millennials saw their parents or friend's parents loser their home in the financial crisis. They do not want to be in the same boat. The monetary actions of central banks, and the fiscal stimulus and protectionist actions of governments are for the sole benefit of the already wealthy, to the detriment of the shrinking middle class. Fewer and fewer millennials can afford to bring up kids in this environment. Mike "Mish" Shedlock |
| Marine Le Pen's National Front Ahead in 6 of 13 French Regions in First Round of Voting; Shock but Not Surprising; Stop Le Pen Movement Mounts Posted: 06 Dec 2015 02:51 PM PST With polls closed but not all votes counted, the Marine Le Pen's Eurosceptic, anti-immigration National Front party is expected to win the first round of voting in six of France's 13 regions. There will be a second round vote next Sunday in all of the regions because no party captured more than 50% of the vote in any region. Projections now show the National Front, which has never won a regional election, can win as many as four regions in the final vote. No Surprise ShockThis was a Historic Result for the National Front but it does need follow-through next week. France's far-right National Front party appeared on course for a historic victory in the first round of regional elections on Sunday, winning more than 30 per cent of the vote and delivering a stunning blow to the country's traditional parties.
An early, and partial, official count suggested the FN was ahead in six of the country's 13 regions. Projections suggest the result, if confirmed, could be sufficient to win up to four regions in the second round on Sunday.
Ms Le Pen, described the result as "magnificent", adding that it showed that the FN was now "without contest the first party of France".
She was leading as FN candidate in the northern region of France with more than 40 per cent of the vote while Marion Marechal-Le Pen, her niece, was also in the lead with more than 40 per cent of the vote in the south-eastern region of the country.
Victory in even just one of France's 13 regions — definitive results will be known after next Sunday's second-round vote — would be a first for the FN, helping to build momentum as it looks to the 2017 presidential contest, in which Ms Le Pen intends to run.
James Shields, professor of French politics at Aston University said: "These results are a shock but they shouldn't be a surprise.
Former president Nicolas Sarkozy's centre-right Republicans party and allies were leading in four regions and had a national count of 27.4 per cent, according to the partial count.
President François Hollande's Socialists and leftwing allies were ahead in only three regions with just 22.7 per cent of the vote — a crushing result for a political bloc that, at present, holds all but one of the regions. Stop Le PenA "Stop Le Pen" movement is underway in France but as with the "Stop Trump" movement in the US, no one seems to know how best to go about it. Socialist prime minister Manuel Valls suggested an alliance between the socialists and Sarkozy, but the latter quickly rebuffed the offer. Sarkozy commented "We must hear and understand the profound exasperation of the French people." The Financial Times commented "In spite of Mr Sarkozy's remarks, uniting may be the only way to damp the electoral chances of Ms Le Pen and her party. Yet there are no guarantees that doing so would work. And it may even play into her hands, furnishing Ms Le Pen's long-held argument that France's left and right are part of the same problem." Indeed. People are fed up over immigration, jobs, Brussels, and many things of their own foolish doing. I compared the "Stop Trump" and "Stop Le Pen" movements on December 2 in Triumph of Trumpism and LePenism; Waiting for a Volunteer Mouse. There are still no volunteer mice in either country. Next week will be interesting. Mike "Mish" Shedlock |
| BIS Points Finger at Yellen, Draghi: Warns About "Unthinkably" Low Interest Rates, Bond Market "Dislocations" Posted: 06 Dec 2015 12:34 PM PST In it latest quarterly report, the BIS (Bank of International Settlements), pointed a direct finger at Fed chair Janet Yellen with an even bigger point at ECB president Mario Draghi. Specifically, the BIS cited unthinkably low interest rates, bond market dislocations, and more taper tantrums in its Quarterly Review, December 2015, released today, Uneasy Calm Awaiting Lift-Off. The BIS is sometimes referred to as the central banker's bank. Inquiring minds may wish to read the " BIS About Page" for details. Much of the BIS quarterly report is a recap of the volatility earlier this year when the Fed signaled a potential hike in September then backed off. Here are a few other highlights: Recent Dislocations in Fixed Income Derivatives Markets
Recent quarters have witnessed unusual price relationships in fixed income markets. US dollar swap spreads (ie the difference between the rate on the fixed leg of a swap and the corresponding Treasury yield) have turned negative, moving in the opposite direction from euro swap spreads. Given that counterparties in derivatives markets, typically banks, are less creditworthy than the government, swap rates are normally higher than Treasury yields because of the additional risk premium. Hence, the negative spreads point to a possible dislocation.
Tightening in the United States May Challenge EMEs
In August 2015 the VIX had reached levels not seen since the onset of the European debt crisis in 2011 and CDS spreads on EME sovereigns had exceeded levels experienced during the worst of the taper tantrum. [Mish Comment: Is that the real reason for the Fed's ultra-dovish September statement since unwound? I think so]
There have also been signs that EM local currency yields are increasingly sensitive to developments in the United States. The post-crisis era has been characterised by strong international spillovers from US bond yields to emerging markets, even when those countries were at different stages of the business cycle.
And this effect seems to have strengthened over time. A simple rolling regression of an EME bond index on US 10-year Treasury yields suggests that the potential for spillovers is larger now than it was during the taper tantrum.
Debt service ratios will inevitably increase even further when lending rates start to rise. Any further appreciation of the dollar would additionally test the debt servicing capacity of EME corporates, many of which have borrowed heavily in US dollars in recent years. "Unthinkably" Low Interest RatesAlso consider the Financial Times synopsis of the report BIS Argues for Tighter Monetary Policy in Spite of 'Uneasy Calm'. Central banks must not let market volatility halt their plans to retreat from crisis-fighting monetary policies, the Bank for International Settlements has warned ahead of the expected first rate rise by the US Federal Reserve in nine years.
While the current "uneasy calm" in financial markets threatened to blow up into bouts of financial turmoil, with clear tensions between markets' behaviour and underlying economic conditions, such a threat should not dissuade monetary policymakers from taking the first steps towards tighter monetary policy, the BIS argued in its latest quarterly review.
"At some point, [the tension] will have to be resolved," said Claudio Borio, head of the BIS's monetary and economic department. "Markets can remain calm for much longer than we think. Until they no longer can."
"Very much in evidence, once more, has been the perennial contrast between the hectic rhythm of markets and the slow motion of the deeper economic forces that really matter," Mr Borio said.
The BIS has long believed that what it describes as "unthinkably" low interest rates are fueling instability in global financial markets. BIS Points Finger at Yellen, DraghiI cannot find either of the above Borio quotes in the BIS article. I presume they were comments made specifically to the Financial Times. I agree with both, especially liking " Markets can remain calm until they can't." And what else can a comment about " unthinkably" low interest rates be other than a direct finger point at the key central banked involved in this mess: Fed chair Janet Yellen (previously Ben Bernanke), and ECB president Mario Draghi. Last week, Draghi just made the apparently no longer " unthinkable" move of lowering interest rates to -0.3 percent. For further comments on Draghi and the ECB please see ... Damning IndictmentIt's pretty clear the BIS knows the FED and ECB have blown major asset bubbles, but for some reason they just did not state things so clearly. Instead the BIS speaks of "dislocations", "unthinkables", "uneasy calm" and how "low interest rates fuel instability." Yes, that's a pretty damning indictment of central bank policy. Mike "Mish" Shedlock |
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